The Real Madrid midfielder cancelled out Norway's first-half lead before netting the decisive goal in extra time to send Thomas Tuchel's side into the last four, where England will face either defending champions Argentina or Switzerland at Atlanta Stadium on July 15.
Norway take early control
After a cautious opening at Miami Stadium, Norway created the first clear opportunities.
Erling Haaland tested Jordan Pickford with a header before the breakthrough arrived in the 36th minute.
Andreas Schjelderup finished clinically, guiding a cross-shot in off the inside of the far post to hand the Nordic side a deserved lead.
England struggled to establish control for much of the opening half but found an equaliser deep into stoppage time.
Bellingham surged into the penalty area before calmly beating the goalkeeper to restore parity.
Photo: FIFA.com
Harry Kane thought he had put England ahead moments later, but the effort was ruled out for offside.
VAR denies Norway before Bellingham strikes again
Norway believed they had regained the lead shortly before the hour mark when Torbjørn Heggem found the net following a corner.
However, the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) disallowed the goal after determining that Haaland had pushed Elliot Anderson during the build-up.
The Norwegian side continued to threaten, with Kristoffer Ajer heading against the crossbar, while England also came close when Djed Spence almost capitalised on a hurried clearance from goalkeeper Ørjan Nyland.
With neither side able to find another goal in normal time, the contest moved into extra time.
Bellingham delivers decisive blow
England secured victory in the 93rd minute through Bellingham, who reacted quickest after Nyland failed to hold substitute Morgan Rogers' powerful effort.
The midfielder converted from close range to complete his brace and send the Three Lions into the semi-finals.
Photo: FIFA.com
The result ended Norway's impressive World Cup campaign and extended England's pursuit of a second FIFA World Cup title.
Records and milestones
Bellingham's two goals took his tally to six at the FIFA World Cup 2026, matching captain Harry Kane's tournament total.
It marks the first time two England players have scored at least five goals in a single edition of the World Cup.
Goalkeeper Jordan Pickford also reached a landmark by making his 18th World Cup appearance for England, surpassing Peter Shilton's record to become the nation's most-capped goalkeeper in the tournament's history.
For Norway, the quarter-final appearance represented their best World Cup performance since reaching the last eight for the first time, having previously exited in the round of 16 in 1938 and 1998 after a group-stage campaign at the 1994 World Cup.