The dead cheetah 'Sasha' had shown signs of fatigue and weakness during a daily monitoring check.
A medical examination revealed that she was dehydrated and had kidney-related problems.
A blood test on her revealed that her creatinine levels were very high, which indicated an infection in the kidney.
The other cheetahs in the park are healthy, a press release said.
Sasha, who was part of the first batch of cheetahs flown into Madhya Pradesh's Kuno National Park, was one of five female cheetahs flown in from Namibia last year as part of an ambitious reintroduction programme.